Preparing America's teachers : a history / James W. Fraser.

Includes bibliographical references (p. 243-273) and index.

Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Schooling teachers for a new nation, 1750-1830 -- Colleges -- Academies -- Home schooling, dame schools, and a new common school teacher -- Missionaries and indigenous teachers -- Conclusion -- 2. Educating women, women as educators, 1800-1860 -- Seminaries for women teachers - Troy, Ipswich, Mount Holyoke, and more -- Preparing women to teach - from individual schools to a national movement -- Preparing women to teach - changes in ideology, changes in practice -- 3. The birth of the normal school, 1830-1870 -- Creating a new institution : the state normal school -- Opening the Massachusetts normal schools -- The curriculum : what was taught at the Massachusetts normal schools -- An alternative vision -- The slow spread of the normal school model before the Civil War -- So did the normal schools prepare teachers? -- 4. Teachers' institutes, 1830-1920 -- The origins of Teachers' institutes -- The heyday of the Teachers' Institute -- Teachers' institutes, examinations, and certification : a case study -- An institution that would not die --

5. High schools and city normal schools, 1830-1920 -- A fresh look at the nineteenth-century high school-- The high school normal curriculum - preparing city teachers -- High schools, gender, and the road to women's true profession -- Rural high schools for rural teachers -- Beyond high school : from city high schools to city normal schools and colleges -- 6. Normal institutes, missionary colleges, and county training schools : preparing African American teachers in the segregated South, 1860-1940 -- Informal preparation in slavery and freedom -- The Hampton-Tuskegee model : normal and agricultural institutes -- Missionary colleges and normal schools -- County training schools -- 7. The heyday of the normal school, 1870-1920 -- Just what was a normal school? -- An institution whose time had come - growth between 1870 and 1920 - Changing admissions, changing curriculum changing standards -- The search for college status -- How important were the normal schools in preparing the nation's teachers? --

8. Universities create departments and schools of education, 1870-1930 -- Colleges and universities have always prepared teachers -- University chairs, departments, and schools of education -- The growth of high schools and the need for high school teachers -- Accreditation - the search for order -- Teachers colleges fight back -- 9. Teachers for cities, teachers for immigrants, 1870-1940 -- Hunter College and the New York story -- New York was not alone : Chicago, Cincinnati, Detroit -- The kindergarten movement in teacher education -- 10. Every teacher a college graduate, 1920-1965 -- Normal schools become teachers colleges -- Snapshot - state teachers colleges during the 1930-1931 academic year -- The National Survey of the Education of Teachers -- Teachers colleges become "just colleges" -- A college degree becomes the norm -- 11. A new status quo and its critics, 1960-1985 -- A midcentury consensus about the education of teachers? -- The fund for the advancement of education -- The Master of Arts in Teaching Degree - an effort to bridge the gap -- The new critics : Arthur Bestor, James D. Koerner, James Bryant Conant -- The power of the status quo --

12. Preparing teachers in the era of a nation at risk, 1965-2000 -- The Teacher Corps -- The Center for Educational Renewal and a new sense of urgency -- Holmes and Carnegie - what the reports recommended and what they changed -- Implementation in Massachusetts - a case study -- The crisis in racial diversity in the teaching profession -- The Holmes group becomes the Holmes partnership -- Afterword : Teachers for a new millennium, 2000- -- What matters most - the National Commission on Teaching and America's future -- Regulation and deregulation in a conservative ascendancy -- Toward the future - clarity, diversity, and new tensions -- Notes -- For further reading -- Index -- About the author.