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040			_bspa _cBJBSDDR
041			_aeng
050	1	4	_aHC 125 _bG774u 2019
100	1		_aGraulau, Jeannette, _912010
245	1	4	_aThe underground wealth of nations : _bon the capitalist origins of silver mining, A.D. 1150-1450 / _cJeannette Graulau.
260			_aNew Haven : _bYale University Press, _c2019.
300			_a373 p. : _bill. ; _c24 cm.
440			_aYale series in economic and financial history
505			_a1.Mining the Underground Wealth of Nations: A Word on Theory and History -- 2. World Mining Regions before the Rise of Modern Capitalism -- 3. Digging the Underground Wealth of Europe -- 4. Capitalist Profits of Mining Corporations -- 5. A 'Lengthy Digression': Why Mining Lagged Elsewhere -- 6. Capitalist Mining in West European Development -- Appendix A. German Loanwords in Mining Statutes -- Appendix B. Carbon Yield and Charcoal Characteristics.
520			_aSilver mining was a capitalist business long before the supposed origin of modern capitalism. Hundreds of years before a sixteenth-century crisis in European agriculture led to the origins of capital, investment, and finance, the silver mining industry exhibited many of the features of modern capitalism. Silver mines were large-scale businesses that demanded large investments and steady cash flow, achieved by spreading that risk through fungible shares and creating legal structures to protect entrepreneurs from financial disaster. Jeannette Graulau argues that mining preceded agriculture as the first true capitalist enterprise of the modern world.
650		4	_aMinas y recursos minerales _932666 _xHistoria _zEuropa
650		4	_aCapitalismo _91787 _xHistoria _zEuropa
650		4	_aPlusvalía _932665
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999			_c114223 _d114223